Global Spine Journal

AO Spine’s official scientific journal is an open access, peer-reviewed journal focusing on the study and treatment of spinal disorders.

Global Spine Journal (GSJ) is the official scientific publication of AO Spine. Led by Editors-in-Chief Jeffrey C. Wang, Jens. R Chapman and Karsten Wiechert, GSJ is a peer-reviewed, fully open access journal that publishes 8 issues per year as well as OnlineFirst articles. Online articles are available on the GSJ website within 15–20 days of acceptance and all articles can be downloaded and read at any time.

GSJ is a multi-disciplinary journal devoted to the study and treatment of spinal disorders including diagnosis, operative and non-operative treatment options, surgical techniques and emerging research and clinical developments. GSJ publishes orthopaedic, neuro, basic science and clinical Original Research, Reviews, Technical Reports and Editorials. GSJ no longer accepts or publishes case reports. GSJ is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and is indexed in PubMedCentral, Scopus, and Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI).

GSJ impact factor goes up to 3.0!

Global Spine Journal's impact factor 2024 is 3.0—yet another increase from the previous year showing a steady upward trend and another reason to publish in the GSJ.

The GSJ Annual Report

The GSJ Annual Reportreviews the past year in detail and features the highlights with the most cited and most read papers, the Editorial Board members, and the award winners.

Are you interested in reviewing for the Global Spine Journal?

Apply here to join the GSJ success story as a reviewer or an Editorial Review Board member.

The Virtual Spine Journal Club

Every quarter, the Virtual Spine Journal Club focuses solely on papers published in the GSJ. Visit the SSF Journal Club page for details or watch recordings on the SSF YouTube channel.

In addition, an annual in-person live journal club takes place at the Global Spine Congress.

Why you should read the Global Spine Journal

Global Spine Journal is open access and peer-reviewed. All articles, focus issues, and special collections are free and accessible to all online. The rigorous international peer-review ensures GSJ publishes high quality relevant evidence and hot topics. In addition, much of the research conducted by the AO Spine Knowledge Forums (KF) and study groups—such as the Knowledge Forum Clinical Recommendations—is regularly published in the GSJ.

Current Issue

AO Spine’s official journal is an open access, peer-reviewed journal which focuses on the study and treatment of spinal disorders.

Special Focus Issues

Discover the GSJ Focus Issues, providing guidelines and exceptional insights into essential spine topics.

KF Clinical Recommendations

Bridging the gaps between clinical research, knowledge dissemination, and evidence-based practice.

Articles by topic / Special Collections

Discover important spine topics with article collections handpicked by the Editors.

What is unique about the GSJ

GSJ combines rigorous peer review, full open access, and a global community of authors, reviewers, and readers. Backed by AO Spine, GSJ provides unrestricted access to the latest research, Focus Issues, special collections, and clinical recommendations, helping to accelerate the translation of evidence into practice worldwide.

Why you should publish with the GSJ

Publishing in the open access GSJ ensures global dissemination and allows for new evidence and knowledge to reach a truly international audience.

GSJ authors, reviewers, and deputy editors represent regions and countries all around the world. The current members of the Editorial Board are introduced below.

Submit your research to Global Spine Journal and receive expert peer review. Visit our Journal Author Gateway for additional resources and expert advice on writing and getting your paper ready for publication.

Submission guidelines

Download call for papers

Enjoy additional benefits as an AO Spine member

GSJ waives the Article Processing Fee (APC) for manuscripts where the first or last author plus one coauthor hold an active AO Spine membership at the time of submission.

Not an AO Spine member? Become a member now.

The new GSJ issues, the important Focus Issues and papers are disseminated regularly to the AO Spine network. To stay informed and be the first to know about open calls and new developments, subscribe to the AO Spine newsletters.

The GSJ is present in person at AO Spine's annual Global Spine Congress to listen and to answer all your queries.

Global Spine Journal Editorial Team

Jeffrey C. Wang, MD

USC Spine Center, USA Editor-in-Chief

Jens R. Chapman, MD

Swedish Medical Center, USA Editor-in-Chief

Karsten Wiechert, MD

Michel Back Center, Germany Editor-in-Chief

Danielle Lieberman

AO Spine International, USA Managing Editor

Global Spine Journal Deputy Editors

Sameh Abolfotouh, MD

Medcare Orthopedics and Spine Hospital Dubai, UAE

R. Kiran Alluri, MD

USC Spine Center, USA

Bryan Ashman, FRACS

Australian National University, Australia

Zorica Buser

NYU Grossman School of Medicine, USA

Evan Davies, MD

University of Southampton/ Southampton Children's Hospital, UK

John G. DeVine, MD FAOA

Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA

Mohammad El-Sharkawi, MD

Assiut University Medical School, Egypt

Juan Emmerich, MD

National University of La Plata, Argentina

Michael G. Fehlings, MD

Toronto Western Hospital, Canada

John C. France, MD

West Virginia University, USA

Raymond J. Hah, MD

USC Spine Center, USA

Yong Hai, MD. PhD

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China

Roger Härtl, MD

Weill Cornell Center for Comprehensive Spine Care, USA

Serena S. Hu, MD

Stanford University, USA

Basem Ishak, MD

Head of Spine Division, Professor of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany

Yoshiharu Kawaguchi, MD, PhD

University of Toyama, Japan

Jin-Sung L. Kim, PhD

Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea

John C. Liu, MD

Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA

Elizabeth L. Lord, MD

UCLA Comprehensive Spine Center, USA

Robert McGuire, MD

University of Mississippi Medical Center, USA

K. V. Menon, MD

Khoula Hospital, Oman

Thomas E. Mroz, MD

Cleveland Clinic Center for Spine Health, USA

Abhay Nene, MD

Lilavati & Breach Candy Hospitals, India

K. Daniel Riew, MD

Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, USA

Koji Tamai, MD

Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan

Luiz Roberto Vialle, MD

Universidade Católica do Paraná, Brazil

Emre Yilmaz, MD

BG University Hospital, Bergmannsheil Bochum, Germany

Frequently asked questions about Global Spine Journal

GSJ employs a double-blinded peer-review process. When a manuscript is submitted, it first goes to a Deputy Editor for pre-screening. It is carefully checked and read by the Deputy Editor before going to review. Some manuscripts do not make it to review and are rejected by the Deputy Editor at that time. Those that are approved, go through to review, and then on to a technical check and plagiarism check to see if there are any technical elements that need to be fixed. If there are technical elements that need to be fixed, the manuscript is returned so the author can fix them. Once the manuscript passes technical check it is sent to two reviewers. Once those reviews are finished it goes to a Deputy Editor and then an Editor-in-Chief and then it is sent back to the author with the decision.

This can depend on the paper and the topic of the paper. Generally, it takes 5-7 days for a paper to go through pre-screening and technical check. If it goes into review, it can take 1-2 months for review (sometimes takes longer if reviewers are not available). If the manuscript needs revisions, then the length of time could be longer or shorter depending on the extent of revisions needed and how responsive the authors are. Some manuscripts only need one round of revisions, and others need three, so this will also impact how long the process takes.

The average number of days from Submission to First Decision is 45 days. And 67 days until final decision, but this is an average and it may not be the case for your paper.

GSJ’s manuscript submissions have drastically increased ever since we received an impact factor, and they are coming in at an enormously high rate. Due to this huge surge in submissions, we have had to make some changes. One of these changes is desk rejecting/pre-screening articles. Desk rejecting articles is a standard practice that is employed by most, if not all scientific journals. This means that the article is pre-screened by a Deputy Editor before going to formal review, and the article is either sent on to review or desk rejected and returned to the author.

A desk rejection is not a judgement on the quality of your work, but rather it is a comparison of your article to the other submissions we receive. It does not mean that the science is poor, but it could be for a few other reasons, for example that we already received a similar article to yours, but the other study included more patients or had a longer follow-up, it could also be that there is already too much in the existing literature, the sample size is too small, etc. A desk rejection is not a personal attack on your article. This is also done so as not to waste your time, so once it is sent back to you, you are free to send the manuscript to another journal, and we try to get it back to you with a decision within a week.

The job of the copy editors is to proofread the papers and find minimal grammatical errors and fix them. They cannot completely re-write the articles for you, that is outside the scope of their work, and they are dealing with hundreds of manuscripts from multiple journals every day. The publisher does offer author services to a fee to help re-write the articles. You can find more information about these services here.

GSJ OnlineFirst articles are all indexed in PMC and we don’t have to wait until they are published in an issue. It usually takes PMC 30-45 days to index the articles after they are published- but these are their timelines not ours. If it takes longer than this for your article to be indexed in PMC it means they are experiencing delays and/or a backlog.

GSJ no longer prints issues. GSJ is an Open Access journal so all articles are available online right after they are published, and anyone can read them, anytime, from anywhere.

GSJ accepts manuscripts from all regions and all countries. GSJ has a very diverse and international editorial board, with Editors representing every region. Since GSJ employs a rigorous double-blinded peer-review process this means the author information is blinded. Throughout the entire peer-review process, the authors’ information is not known to anyone involved. This is done to preserve the journal’s ethics and to make sure the articles are only judged based on merit, quality, and the topic of the paper. The blind process ensures that it is simply impossible to accept or reject a manuscript based on a certain country, region, or institution.

We have a huge number of article submissions coming in and since we only have room for a defined number of manuscripts per year and per issue, the “bar for acceptance” has gone up accordingly and the rejection rate along with it. This increase in the number of rejected manuscripts has taken place at the Deputy Editor & the Editor-in-Chief level. We have not altered our review process; we have not informed our reviewers to make any changes to their evaluations. Rather we have asked the Deputy Editors to be more stringent. So, the reviewers may recommend “acceptance” or “revision”, but the Deputy Editors are looking at the papers more critically and are also looking at the GSJ article index as a whole, which the reviewers are not doing.

While GSJ is the official scientific publication of AO Spine, we cannot guarantee acceptance on any paper, regardless of the author list as this would greatly compromise the journal’s ethics, invalidate the entire process, and could damage the journals reputation and standing in the academic community. Even articles written by our own Editors-in-Chief and Deputy Editors get rejected.

The entire review process must be fair and objective. However, we do offer a member benefit to AO Spine members. If at least one author on the paper is an AO Spine member at the time of submission, then the Article Processing Charge of $2,650 is waived. We also offer a discounted special issue price for AO Spine sponsored special issues.

Unfortunately, we can’t guarantee acceptance of the full manuscript into GSJ. There are hundreds of abstracts for the GSC program, and we would not be able to accommodate all of them. The GSC abstracts program is a separate special issue that is not a part of GSJ’s regular issues even though it is published on GSJ’s website, as GSJ is AO Spine’s journal. If you would like to submit the full article, you may do so, and it will go through the same peer-review process as any other article. But again, we cannot guarantee acceptance.

The publisher does not permit changes to the author byline after a manuscript has been editorially accepted due to concerns around conflicts of interest and author contributions that are taken into account by the Editor and reviewers at the time of peer-review. Authors are notified of this at the time of manuscript submission and this policy is available to view at Authorship Change Form, along with guidance for authors on changes between manuscript submission and acceptance. For more information on this policy, please click here.

If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact Managing Editor Danielle Lieberman-Kieval at daniellel@seattlesciencefoundation.org.